Synchronous vs. asynchronous learning: Advantages and disadvantages

Over the last two decades, and even more so in our post-pandemic world, the choice between synchronous and asynchronous learning has been widely debated. As we stand at this educational crossroads, let’s explore the differences between these two methods and weigh their advantages and disadvantages. 

What is synchronous learning?  

In synchronous learning, everything happens live and in real-time, like a classroom session, webinar, or workshop. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, synchronous learning occurred mostly in an in-person classroom setting. However, things have changed. Now, synchronous learning has shifted to digital formats, including live webinars, virtual classes, video conferences, and live chat rooms. 

Advantages of synchronous learning  

Since synchronous learning happens in real-time, it offers several advantages, such as: 

Real-time discussions  

In synchronous learning, learners can interact with their peers and instructors in real time. This facilitates detailed, high-quality discussions that enhance their learning experience. 

Immediate feedback 

In synchronous learning, learners can get instant feedback by asking questions to their instructors in real-time. This allows instructors to address their learners in their exact moment of need—instead of only sharing feedback several hours or days later when the lesson is no longer fresh on the learner’s mind.  

Accelerated learning curve  

Since learners can clarify their doubts on the spot, they can quickly overcome learning obstacles, thereby accelerating their learning curve. 

Disadvantages of synchronous learning 

Despite its advantages, synchronous learning comes with its own set of challenges too. Here are the main disadvantages:   

Limited flexibility 

Since synchronous learning happens at a set time, it isn’t flexible enough to accommodate different schedules and priorities. Both learners and instructors are expected to be available at a specified time and place, which can be inconvenient for those with other commitments.  

Inconsistent quality  

In synchronous learning, the quality of a training session depends on the instructor. This can lead to significant inconsistencies in the learning experience. 

Lack of personalized attention  

With multiple learners in a single session, they may find themselves competing for the instructor’s attention. This could result in favoritism towards certain learners. 

Now that we’ve explored the advantages and disadvantages of synchronous learning, let’s move on to asynchronous learning. 

What is asynchronous learning?   

Asynchronous learning refers to learning methods that do not require learners to be present at the same time. It allows learners to engage with learning materials at their own pace and on their own schedule, without the need for real-time participation.  

To make this possible, asynchronous learning materials must be created beforehand and made digitally available. Common examples include e-learning modules, recorded webinars, videos, podcasts, downloadable PDF documents, and online discussion boards. 

Advantages of asynchronous learning 

Here are some of the benefits of asynchronous learning:

Feedback and interaction are available  

While asynchronous learning does not occur in real-time social settings, learners can still pose questions on discussion boards or via email and receive responses later. Despite not engaging synchronously, there are opportunities for peer collaboration and interaction with instructors.  

Flexible scheduling  

One of the primary benefits of asynchronous learning is that learners can participate at their preferred times and locations, progressing through the material at their own pace. This flexibility allows both instructors and learners to prioritize other commitments such as family responsibilities or daily work activities. 

Unlimited learners 

As asynchronous learning can happen across multiple locations and at different times, there is no limit to the number of learners allowed to participate in a single course. This makes the training content far more accessible. 

Optimized classroom discussions 

Under asynchronous learning, most learning occurs at the learner’s convenience. Instructors can therefore use their shared sessions to facilitate meaningful discussions beyond teaching the learning material. 

Disadvantages of asynchronous learning

Despite its benefits, here are some of the drawbacks of asynchronous learning:

Lack of personal touch 

Without an instructor or peers present, asynchronous learning methods often lack a personal touch. Learners are unlikely to form meaningful classroom relationships as they would in a real-time learning environment. 

Lack of immediate attention 

The lack of real-time interaction with peers and instructors creates a gap in the learner’s experience. Without people to turn to in their moment of learning need, learners will have to navigate challenges independently. 

Requires learner’s self-discipline  

In asynchronous learning, learners are accountable for their own learning paths, requiring a high level of self-discipline to progress. Learners who struggle with self-discipline may find asynchronous learning challenging. 

Asynchronous vs synchronous learning: Which is better?

After analyzing the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of synchronous and asynchronous learning, the choice of learning method depends on several factors specific to your organization. It is worth assessing your learning objectives, preferred course delivery method, content types, and even the availability of trainers.  

Although synchronous learning offers the advantage of real-time conversations with trainers or peers, the flexibility of asynchronous learning benefits employees with busy schedules—especially those who work from home while managing their families. Fixed class times might not work for their hectic routines. They’re likely better off relying on recorded sessions or resources accessible offline. 

With the growing push for digital transformation across all industries, we believe asynchronous learning is better suited to the lives of modern employees.

That said, combining both asynchronous and synchronous learning methods can also be an optimal solution. This is known as a blended learning approach, where you combine your preferred asynchronous and synchronous learning methods into a single learning track. For instance, you might pair asynchronous online courses—perfect for transferring knowledge, with synchronous live sessions—ideal for applying knowledge and interactive learning.  

In conclusion 

Irrespective of the learning method you choose, the key is to design learning experiences around your learners’ needs, ensuring they remain engaged and motivated.